Application of Microextraction Methods to Extract and Determine the Occupational Analytes from Urine Samples: A Brief Review

Inexpensive and simple microextraction methods with high efficiency are noticeable for sample preparation in the analysis of pollutant compounds. Therefore, the present study aimed to review the studies conducted by Iranian researchers on the use of microextraction methods to extract and determine the occupational analytes from urine sample.

In this brief review study, the focus is on the purposeful search of articles published by Iranian researchers from 2000 to 2019 in databases of Google Scholar, ISC, SID, Magiran, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, PubMed, and Scopus using keywords of microextraction, determine, extract, analytes, and urine samples. Articles extracted over 20 years were categorized and analyzed according to the title, author name, publication year, study method, study type, and evaluation results.

The obtained results after reviewing the selected articles can be discussed in terms of several topics. They include optimization of factors affecting method efficiency and extraction efficiency, optimization of parameters affecting extraction performance, application of the optimized method for real samples, and comparison of the proposed method with other procedures.

The developed methods in selected articles were found to be fast, simple, with minimum solvent consumption, short extraction time, and environmentally friendly that can be used as alternatives to conventional methods.