effect a group of important chemical pesticides (organochlorine, organophosphates and carbamates) on environment and human

In recent years, there has been a growing concern about the effects of pesticides on non-target organisms. Residues from the use of chemical pesticides have polluted the environment and put the health of humans and birds at serious risk. The main purpose of this study is to review and analyze the studies on the effects of organochlorine, organophosphate and carbamate pesticides on birds, humans and the environment.

The method of data collection in this study includes library and documentary review and content analysis of studies conducted in this field.

The three main groups of chemical pesticides are organochlorine, organophosphate and carbamate. Organochlorines were not used in different countries for a long time due to their long-term stability in the nature. But some of them, such as Aldrin, Lindane and Endosulfan, are still used in developing countries. Most organochlorines inhibit gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors in the brain and affect the central nervous system. Organophosphates and carbamates do not accumulate in the food chain and are less stable, thus replacing organochlorine with high stability. Both organophosphate and carbamate pesticides inhibit the enzyme acetylcholinesterase.

Chemical pesticides, including organochlorine, organophosphate, and carbamate, cause endocrine disorders in humans and birds, as well as behavioral changes and compromise the immune system.