A Study of the Direct and Indirect Role of Adult Literacy from 1970 to 2009 on Perception of Corruption

Several factors have been taken into consideration in the eradication of corruption, but a more limited study has been done on the adult literacy factor. The purpose of this study is to study the positive role of adult literacy factors and intermediate mechanisms in reducing corruption. The study was conducted using international data. The period from 1970 to 2009 was  the independent variable and its relationship with perception of corruption in the period 2012 to 2018 has been studied among 180 countries.
Findings show that there is a positive relationship between education indicators and perceptions of corruption. In addition to the direct effect of adult literacy, the indirect effect of this variable through educational coverage (as an indicator of educational justice), the pupil-teacher ratio (as a symbol of democracy in the classroom), and the ratio of female students to total students (As a symbol of gender equality) was confirmed.