The Coordinated Scheduling of Emerging Energy Resources to Improve the Resilience of Island Microgrids with a Two-Stage Decision-Making Approach

Islands are generally considered strategic points for enemy missile and drone strikes. Therefore, due to the vulnerability of these islands to such attacks and the need for sustainable energy supply, the concept of resilience is very important in the day-ahead scheduling of energy resources on the islands. On the other hand, with the increasing prevalence of emerging resources such as electric vehicles, electrical storage, and demand response programs in microgrids, the need for integrated scheduling to use the capacity of these resources to improve the resilience of these networks has increased. To this end, this paper examines a two-stage scheduling approach to reduce the daily operating costs and improve the resilience of an island microgrid integrated with wind turbines. In addition, the effects of coordinated scheduling of emerging energy sources, including grid-connected electric vehicles, an electrical storage system, and shiftable electrical demands are evaluated to improve the daily operating costs and system resilience. The resilience index is considered as the sum of the cost of load shedding and the cost of increased power production in the event of an enemy attack on the wind turbines. Therefore, the proposed model determines the best operation strategy under normal conditions in such a way that, in the event of an enemy attack on the wind turbines, the lowest cost of load shedding and the lowest cost of increasing production in the presence of emerging energy sources will be tolerated by the islanding microgrid.