Role of personalized medicine in cardiovascular disease: A narrative review

Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of mortality each year. Both environmental and genetic risk factors significantly influence the incidence and progression of these diseases. In recent decades, with the development of genetics and genome-determining tools, different genes have been found associated with numerous diseases. Determining these genes helps us to suggest a more effective treatment, specifically for each individual. Determining the genes involved in each disease, finding them in patients, and finally, treatment based on them are the main goals of personalized medicine. Another achievement of personalized medicine is determining the drug's efficiency and side effects in individuals. In particular, one of the most common drug side effects is bleeding from Warfarin. This complication can be prevented by accurately determining the required dose in each person. Personalized medicine is able to suggest the most appropriate dose by identifying genes involved in drug metabolism and detecting them in patients. In this review study, we examine the genes involved in cardiovascular disease as well as the drugs used in this field. Personalized medicine has a special role in determining the prognosis, risk factors and the most effective type of treatment for each disease. One of the main challenges in this field is finding precise diagnostic tools to find the most accurate gene and determine the patients who can benefit most from personalized medicine.