Practical Wisdom in Muṣībat-Nāma of Attar of Neyshabouriwith Emphasis on Morality

In the Islamic worldview, Wisdom is the extract of intellect and enlightenment of the wise conscience of Thoughtful that is worthy to leading and guiding human beings. Practical wisdom is a branch of wisdom that oversees human action and behavior; whether in relation to God or in relation to oneself or in relation to others. Practical wisdom is in fact the guide of human life in the world; therefore, analysis and scrutiny of its dimensions is very important from different perspectives. Attar of Nishapur, Prominent Iranian mystic and sage of the sixth century, including those that an analysis of the dimensions of practical wisdom in his thought can add enriching the scientific research of Iranian culture. In the following article, been tried explain and analyze the anecdotes in the book of Muṣībat-Nāma, by content analysis method. This article seeks to answer this general question that what are the most prominent and important themes of practical wisdom in Attar's thought? And what is Attar's worldview in the field of managing individual and social affairs? Attar as a mystic thinker, has very important views in the field of individual education and education of political and social order of human life. To explain these ideas, first, all the anecdotes of the Muṣībat-Nāma were coded and content categorized, which resulted in the following: A total of 372 anecdotes have been quoted in this book in our reviews, 127 anecdotes in the field of ethics, 37 anecdotes in the field of civil policy and the rest of the anecdotes are coded as miscellaneous (unrelated to the present study). Ethics, among the other three sections, has the most anecdotes related to this research; also, because ethics is the basis of home planning and civil politics, That is, their continuation is to strengthen morality and also because Attar is a mystic and mysticism prescribes a moral-oriented biology. 127 anecdotes are categorized in the field of ethics, which itself is framed in to three chapters: 1.Communication with God, 2. Communication with others, 3. Communication with oneself. Attar's anecdotes about Household management do not yield significant results; therefore, it can be said that at least in this book, the field of Household management was not very important for Attar. In the field of political affairs and governance, Attar considers four important characteristics obligatory for the ruler of the Islamic society that these are: 1. Justice, 2. Simplicity, 3. Forgiveness, 4. Advice. Attar also has political prescriptions in the field of civil politics, as a sage and as a socio-political activist; he sharply criticizes the governments of his time.