Trace-level determination of trazodone with electrochemical sensor based on TiO2-cMWCNTs nanocomposite

The electrochemical oxidation of an antidepressants drug, trazodon (TRZ) on the modified titanium dioxide–carboxylated multiwall carbon nanotube glassy carbon electrode (TiO2-cMWCNTs/GCE) was studied. The TiO2-cMWCNTs/GCE sensor was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The influence of the effective parameters on the electrochemical behavior of TRZ such as: pH, modifier volume, accumulation potential and time were optimized. Under the optimized conditions, the proposed sensor was applied to determine TRZ  in the ranges of 6–100 nM and 100-1000 nM with the detection limit of 5 nM using  differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry (DPASV) at neutral pH. The modified electrode exhibited a good sensitivity, stability and pleasant reproducibility, which was also applied for the determination of TRZ in the spiked human serum and pharmaceutical formulations, with satisfactory results.