The Merits and Demerits of Kings and Rulers in the Poetry of Hafiz Shirazi

Hafiz’s Divan deals with political and governmental themes though it is considered as mystical work. Hafiz’s interaction with kings and rulers of the time, attract his attention to their norms, politics and moral which made some of his poems. How Hafiz views the values and anti-values of kings and rulers, as well as the extent, examples, manner of use and purpose of using these concepts in his poems is a worthy subject which is not considered seriously until now. Therefore, this article, with a descriptive-analytical method It seeks to answer these questions: what were the merits and demerits of the rulers in Hafez's poetry and for what purpose were they reflected in his poetry? The findings show that Hafez, influenced by the general patterns of Iranian " Policy writing ", some of the moral and political merits of kings, such as: justice, culture, property management, generosity, establishment Security, and some of their inadequacies, such as: oppression, bloodshed, bigotry and arrogance in a clever and artistic way, in his poems for instructive and instructive, as well as to soften the spirit of the rulers of the time and reduce their tyranny and violence. Has done.