Impact of the Degrees of Divine Unity on the Islamic Government

The present research aims to consider the impact of the degrees of divine unity on the Islamic government. Drawing on the methods of theology, the research emphasizes the necessity of spreading divine unity in various behavioral, structural, and formal domains of politics and government. Its contribution is the presentation of certain requirements of political unity “in the government” and “on the government.” The findings of the research show that, unlike the view that distinguishes theology from jurisprudence and religious beliefs from the practices of believers, it should be acknowledged that religious beliefs are not subjective categories in isolation from the domain of the practices of believers. To the contrary, such beliefs are preparations for those practices. Accordingly, if divine unity (or monotheism) as the most significant religious belief does not appear in individual and social practices of believers, and they do not lead a monotheistic life, then this would just be a subjective belief that actually has no effects on God’s exclusive rule and divine laws in the society. Of course, various dimensions of divine unity, such as legislative (tashrīʿī) and guardian (wilāʾī) monotheism, should be present in individual aspects of people’s lives, and should also lead to the rule of God in the society. They should negate the rule of anything but God and negate secularism in government. Moreover, they should affect different dimensions of government, including the impact of the unity of lordship and unity of guardianship on the government, the impact of the unity of obedience in the governing process, the impact of monotheism on the features of government, and the impact of monotheism on the governmental approach to jurisprudence.