The first clinical report of co-infection with falconid adenovirus-1 and trichomoniasis in Saker falcon

Problem statement:

 Trichomoniasis is a disease that affects both wild and domestic birds. Some studies have identified this disease as the main infectious disease of wild birds. Trichomonas causes small nodules and ulcers in the crop and other locations of the upper digestive system. The lesions continue to coalesce to form granulomas, which can provoke the death of the bird by starvation. Trichomonas galline is a flagellated protozoon that is frequently found in the oral cavity of columbiformes, which are considered the main reservoir of the parasite. Over the past decade, much progress has been made in understanding the molecular characterization of this protozoan and the new genetic variants of Trichomonas that have developed in the avian oropharynx.

Symptoms of regurgitation, nausea, anorexia, respiratory distress and shortness of breath, right tail position, diarrhea, halitosis and purulent necrotic foci were observed in different parts of the oral mucosa. In histopathology, orthokeratotic hyperkeratosis along with notable heterophilic and histiocytic inflammatory infiltrate of oral mucosa, widespread and diffuse hepatocellular necrosis, multifocal lymphoplasmacytic infiltration accompanied by the presence of sporadic hepatocytes contained amphophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies-like particles due to infection with falconid adenovirus-1) in the liver, ATN and tubular mineralization in the kidney.

In this bad study, the cause of Saker Falcon's disease was feeding on infected pigeons. It was also found that the PAS staining technique is not suitable for the detection of this protozoan and Trichomonas galleine is best propagated in Diamond modified culture medium.