blockchain: introduction and applications

Blockchain is defined as an infallible global digital ledger that can be used in any data recording operation which means the storage of transactions. Decentralization, disreputability, security, transparency, immutability and anonymity are the features of this new technology. Cryptocurrencies and specially bitcoin are the most important and successful applications of blockchain. Bitcoin is the first successful and practical implementation of the blockchain. The innovation of the Bitcoin developer was that it created a way to decentralize financial transactions using the blockchain, and then thousands of other cryptocurrencies were created on the platform of the blockchain with changes in this basic structure. By using this technology, the possibility of cheating, spending money twice, and returning financial transactions recorded in the network is eliminated. During the development of cryptocurrencies, the second generation of the blockchain emerged which is named Ethereum. Ethereum was specially created to decentralize all operations and processes, and also Smart contracts are consequent from it. The purpose of Ethereum designer is to use a distributed ledger to store contracts. In this article, a complete overview of the important topics of blockchain is provided, and three main parts are: basic concepts, Ethereum network and introduction of some projects carried out in this field.