Methodical criticism of Henry Lamans's view about Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) in the book Fatima and the Daughters of Muhammad (pbuh)

Investigating the life of the Prophet (PBUH) and his family is one of the central parts of Islamic studies in the West, which is known as "Sirah" studies in Western literature. Henry Lamans is considered one of the prominent researchers in this field who presented important works in this field and had an indisputable influence on the Orientalists after him. In addition to his works, he has investigated the history and biography of the Prophet of Islam, using a historical-analytical and critical method.The present article is about his important work on biography; That is, Fatima and the daughters of Muhammad (pbuh), commented and criticized his opinions in this book based on four types of criticism; That is, it has covered simulation criticism, expressive criticism, practical criticism and objective criticism. Although, in a few parts of this book and his other books, Lamans is partial to Ahl al-Bayt and their distinctions and characteristics; But in the book under review, the background of opposition to Islam in Lamans's thought sometimes excluded him through justice and impartiality. He has criticized the polygamy of the Prophet, his way of life and his behavior in his personal life. Relying on weak and shaz citations and his not-so-strong following, especially among Shia narrative sources, is one of the serious shortcomings of Lamance studies.