Hallaj in the View of His Opponents* (scholarly/research)

The article aims to depict the views of those opposed to Hallaj in an analytical/descriptive method. Before getting to the main discussion, the views of Hallaj on Islamic jurisprudence, scholastic theology and Sufi doctrines are briefly discussed to give the reader an awareness of Hallaj’s views to understand his opponents thoughts, from one side and to prepare the bases for studying his influence on Iranian gnosis and Sufism, from the other.The diversity of the views of the scholars and the public about Hallaj is so extensive that some consider him as a ‘perfect human being’ while others think of him as an infidel and this makes the study of his life important. The author has carefully extracted the views of the opponents of Hallaj from various sources based on library research and has presented them with the least judgment so that the readers can get to their own conclusions without any prejudice.