Biosynthesis of Gold Nanoparticles by Medicinal Cyanobacterium Spirulina platensis Geitler

The biosynthesis of nanoparticles using microorganisms as emerging bionanotechnology has received considerable attention due to a growing need to develop environment-friendly technologies in materials synthesis. Nanoparticles produced by a biogenic enzymatic process are far superior in biomedical applications to those produced by chemical methods. This study explored the biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles by Arthrospira platensis Gomont. Two series of experiments hence the dose dependency (chloroauric acid solution with different concentrations) and the temperature dependency (room, 75º C, and 90º C temperature) of Au nanoparticles formation, were studied. Optimizing the synthesis of gold nanoparticles and gold nanoparticle concentration determination was done. The results showed that the gold nanoparticles' size is reduced by reducing the gold concentration and raising the reaction temperature. In addition, the size of spherical shape nanoparticles has decreased from 80 nm to 20 nm, and as the concentration increased, nanoparticles became more stable. Extracted nanoparticle solutions were examined by UV-visible Spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), and EDAX or EDS (Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy) analysis. Results indicated that algae extract very suitable for biosynthesis and are more efficient than biomass. The maximum production efficiency with this method is 98%, which is excellent and economical.