The Change Process of Political and Social Structure of Qashqai Tribe in Pahlavi Era from an Anthropological Perspective

From the perspective of political anthropology and the descriptive-analytical method, this research seeks to answer the principal question: what is the process of change in the socio-political structure of the Qashqai tribe in the first and second Pahlavi era? For answering, a hypothesis is made: two main factors, namely the policies implemented towards the tribes and nomads by the central governments (forced settlement, disarmament, removal of local powers, deculturization and detribalization in the first Pahlavi period and the continuation of these policies, along with land reform and lifestyle changes in the second Pahlavi period) and political developments (World War II, the overthrow of Reza Shah and the coup d'état of 28 August) played essential roles in the change process. The analysis showed that in each historical period and according to the country's conditions, the government used different policies to destroy the structure of the Qashqai tribe. Although the first Pahlavi could not destroy the structure of tribe but the second Pahlavi with the help of British and American policies after the coup d'état of 28 August and the fall of Mossadegh's national government, was able to dismantle the tribal chieftaincy in the Qashqai and destroy the tribe structure.