The Importance of Clean Energy from the ‎Perspective of Human rights and human Rights ‎Obligations of States in Energy Supply with an ‎Emphasis on judicial Procedure

From the perspective of human rights organizations, climate change from fossil fuels threatens a wide range of human rights. As a result, States are not unconditional in adopting energy supply policies and have broad human rights obligations. This research, using a “descriptive-analytical” method and using judicial opinions, seeks to examine the importance and position of clean energy from the perspective of human rights. Also, given the harmful effects of climate change, what obligations do States have in relation to adopting acceptable energy policies? The results of the study show that the principles and rules of human rights and international environmental law have identified two categories of “Substantive obligations” and “Procedural” obligations for States to adopt energy supply policies. The findings show that human rights courts and institutions, citing human rights obligations, have required not only States but even oil and gas companies to reconsider their “energy policies”.