Investigation into the Legal Principles of "Spiritual Loss" with an Approach to Spiritual Loss in Air Crashes

The legal system of Islam, relying on evidence such as verses of the Holy Quran, narrations and numerous legal rules, issues a verdict to compensate for spiritual damage. In the Iranian law too, along with the advancement of society and the emergence of new ideas, the legislator has provided the grounds for accepting spiritual losses. However, considering air crashes and their losses, we face a distinction based on the Warsaw Convention and practical procedures for dealing with these types of cases. This research explains the legal principles of the legitimacy of the compensation for the spiritual loss. It is concluded that the distinction between the moral losses rooted in physical damage and the mere spiritual damage, along with material losses, has created problems in dealing with cases of air crashes. This study will review these problems.