Examining norm deviation in the poems of two prominent poets of the constitutional era: Iraj Mirza and Mirzadeh Eshghi

The goal of poetry and art is to try to penetrate the conscience of the audience and convey emotions. The constitutional era, with factors such as communication with the western world, travelogues, the establishment of new schools, the translation of western works and the press, and the creation of fundamental changes in the entire structure of society, transformed the literature of the Qajar period. Therefore, the poets of this period spoke to the people of the social classes with the language of poetry, which is full of artistic techniques, as required by the political and social conditions of the society. This research has stated in a descriptive-analytical and library method that the rule of thumb and the rule of thumb are the two basic elements of norm avoidance and artistic tricks. These artistic techniques are examined in the poetry of constitutional poets (Iraj Mirza and Mirzadeh Eshghi). The results showed that although poets claim modernity and modernity in literature, especially poetry; But old-fashionedness can still be seen in their works. Syntax deviation in the field of grammar, the use of old words contrary to the standard language of the constitutional period and the construction of infinitives and combinations contrary to the rules of Persian grammar can also be seen in the poetry of this period, which is more manifested in the poems of Mirzadeh Eshghi.