Realistic Utopia in the novel Madar-e Sefr Darajeh

A realistic utopia is a utopia in which cognition has an empirical basis. In this utopia, unlike its other two types, i.e. divine and philosophical utopia, mankind, relying on empirical science and objective observation, wants a realistic utopia rather than an idealistic one. This type of realistic thought is the result of human failure to achieve two types of divine and philosophical utopia, which can be seen abundantly in recent decades and in contemporary literature. Ahmad Mahmoud is one of the authors who is looking for a way to achieve such a utopia throughout his works, especially in Madar-e Sefr Darajeh. In this study, an effort has been made to analyze and examine this type of utopia and its characteristics in Madar-e Sefr Darajeh with the descriptive-analytical method in order to determine what the most important characteristics of Mahmoud’s realistic utopia are. Finally, it is concluded that the characteristics of Mahmoud’s realistic utopia include various areas that can be divided and described under five general categories: 1. social, 2. economic, 3. security, 4. political ,5. cultural. It can also be concluded that Mahmoud’s utopia is not an imaginary and illusory world, but mankind may achieve such a realistic utopia by applying empirical science and its sovereignty.