Risk Factors Associated With the Occurrence of Preeclampsia in Southern Iran

Hypertension during pregnancy, along with proteinuria and organ dysfunction, causes preeclampsia, which can lead to several complications, even death in some cases for both the mother and her fetus. This study aimed to compare the risk factors of preeclampsia incidence in multipara women in Bandar Abbas.

This case-control study reviewed 215 medical records of pregnant women referring to the Persian Gulf Hospital of Bandar Abbas, Iran from April 2019 to March 2020. They reviewed the records after their classification into the case (with preeclampsia) and control (without preeclampsia) groups. Both groups were matched, and after gathering the main variables and demographic factors, the data were analyzed by SPSS, version 22.

The mean age of the participants was 31.43 ± 5.04 years. There was a significant relationship between preeclampsia and chronic blood pressure (BP) (P=0.0001) with an odds ratio of 14.77. However, no significant association was found between liver disease (P=1.00), heart disease (P=0.095), diabetes (P=0.053), and kidney disease (P=0.76) with preeclampsia. In addition, the comparison results revealed a significant relationship between demographic variables and preeclampsia, systolic blood pressure (SBP) (P=0.001), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (P=0.001) with the incidence of preeclampsia.

The results showed that even though there was no significant relationship between diabetes, heart disease, and kidney disease with preeclampsia, patients with these diseases were 2.27, 1.21, and 6.3 times more likely to develop preeclampsia, respectively.