An Attitude on the Viewpoints of Environmental Ethics in Ethical Theories and the Explanation of Its Principles in Architecture and Urban Planning in Iran

Today, environmental crises are due to the unbridled control of man over nature and its unlimited exploitation; It is one of the most worrying issues in the world. The thinkers consider the key solution to solve this crisis in the shade of referring to ethical theories, especially environmental ethics. Although technological solutions have come to the aid of this problem in recent decades. The aim of the present study is to identify the values governing the architecture and urban planning of Iran in the past as well as the contemporary era in the way of dealing with the environment and nature, while examining the position of different viewpoints of environmental ethics in ethical theories. This study was conducted using analytical-descriptive method and relying on information collection through library studies, documents and literature review and past and contemporary architecture and urban planning based on the components of different viewpoints of human based environmental ethics and the bio-ecology based are derived from the theoretical bases that have been investigated and compared.

Investigations and reviews of the foundations and effective components show that the characteristics of past architecture and urban planning, in addition to responding to material criteria such as energy, natural resources and proper productivity has strengthened the values of environmental ethics and has been consistent with the viewpoints of ecological ethics. On the other hand, the examination of the prevailing situation of contemporary architecture and urban planning, which is the product of the arrival of incomplete thinking of modernity in Iran, and its comparison with the common environmental values in the past shows that although there are moves towards the use of modern technology methods, which are mainly human-centered, have been started to protect the environment, however, the approaches related to the ecological ethics of the ecosystem are very weak and insignificant