The Study and Investigation of Pirnia's Theory of Kermani Roon through Examining the Optimal Orientation in Architecture and Urban Planning of Kerman

Architectural Roon -the orientation of a city and its buildings- is an important theory by Pirnia, who believed that the traditional architecture of Kerman is built on a specific orientation due to its climate and medical and geographical conditions. The purpose of this study was to investigate and verify the cognition of this theory as well as comprehend the traditional architecture of Kerman from this point of view. It also aimed to study the climate of the city and to find the perfect orientation for architecture and urbanism of Kerman. The main question of the study was to determine whether the traditional architecture and urbanism of Kerman is based on the Roon introduced by Pirnia. To answer the question, firstly, this theory and the importance of orientation in sustainable architecture and optimization of energy consumption were explained and expanded, and then the climate of Kerman and the frequency of traditional houses in the mentioned orientation using quantitative method were studied. The results indicated that the Roon which Pirnia considered for the city -the east-west stretch- was low frequency, and the majority of the buildings were close to what he called Roon of Isfahan -the northwest-southeast stretch- which simultaneously provides buildings with suitable sunlight on the sunny front in winter and protects the winter-living room from the unpleasant, cold and dusty wind from southwest. This orientation in plans has provided the possibility of desired location of the used areas during warm seasons towards the pleasant seasonal prevailing wind.