Ethnic divide, institutional ideas and the puzzle of sustainable peace in Afghanistan

If we consider the process of peace and peace building as a complex and long process, the consensus and implementation of sustainable peace in Afghanistan has always been troubled by special and increasing challenges and complexities. Apart from this country being the target of the goals, interests and influence of numerous internal, regional and extra-regional actors, the strong structural control stemming from the institutionalized ideas or concepts of the actors in the history of Afghanistan, making effective decisions in achieving A stable peace has faced a crisis. But the main question is why the issue of peace in Afghanistan has become an unsolvable and unattainable mystery? The purpose of the current research is to examine the mystery of peace in Afghanistan by focusing on the perceptions and mental images of the actors involved and the agency of the Pashtun people in a shaky and unstable structure of peace realization. In the mosaic context of a country like Afghanistan, the mental constructs of actors centered on elements such as ethnicity are the cause of ethnic division, internal tension, and also confusion in achieving national unity to achieve peace. In this way, it is assumed that policies based on Pashtunism in former governments have been a point of gravity in marginalizing an effective process of peace and the emergence of a false cycle of ethnic rigidity and internal conflict.