Analysis and study of the role of intellectuals of the first and second generation in the developments of Iran during the Qajar era

Intellectuals are considered as one of the most influential groups in the political and social developments of Iranian society. During the Qajar era, this group was able to play an important role in political-social developments, although they faced obstacles in this way. The main question of the article is that what was the role of the intellectuals of the first and second generation in the developments of Iran during the Qajar era? The main hypothesis is that in the developments of Iran in the Qajar era, the intellectuals were able to present themselves as one of the influential groups in the society by using the element of reason and trying to raise awareness among different masses of people. The main influential elements in the intellectual movements in this period, including the basic concepts of "conception of self and other, the question of degeneration and backwardness", "taking civilization from the West", "separation of religion from politics and public arena", "elitism", "The necessity of a powerful and commanding government" and "nationalism". Intellectuals in this period, as the reference groups of authoritarian modernism discourse and also the most effective strategic group of this period, have played a prominent role in the institutional and discursive formation of the first modern government in Iran. The type of research method is descriptive-analytical and based on library studies.