The role biochemical, inflammatory, and molecular biomarkers in prediction and diagnosis of gestational diabetes

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is defined as a glucose intolerance that is diagnosed first during pregnancy. GDM is associated with an increased risk of short-term and long-term disorders for both mothers and their offspring. Therefore, early prediction and diagnosis of GDM are very crucial. The oral glucose tolerance test (OGGT) at 24–28 weeks of gestation is the gold standard method for diagnosing GDM. Because pathological changes that trigger GDM development occur before GDM, identifying biomarkers with the ability to predict GDM is pivotal. In this review article, we reviewed current literature regarding methods that are routinely used for diagnosis of GDM. Furthermore, we discussed about the possible benefits and challenges of using adipokines, inflammatory biomarkers, metabolomic findings, and molecular biomarkers for the early prediction of GDM.