Genetic Diversity of Promised Russian Grapevine Genotype and Varieties by Using Inter Single Sequence Repeat (ISSR) DNA Marker

Grape is one of the most important horticultural products in the world and in Iran and has a high genetic diversity. Determining the level of genetic diversity is the first step in plant breeding programs. Knowledge of genetic diversity, in addition to providing information on evolutionary and phylogenetic relationships, genetic mapping, ecological and environmental adaptations, and ultimately selecting the right parents for breeding programs, will reduce the time and cost of breeding projects. This study was performed to investigate the genetic diversity of 69 cultivars and promising genotypes of Russian grapevines with three Iranian commercial grapevine cultivars using 15 microsatellite markers (ISSR). Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) samples were electrophoresed in 1.3% agarose gel. Cluster analysis with the UPGMA method was used based on the Jaccard coefficient after assigning one and zero to the presence or absence of a band in each primer for each genotype. The highest percentage of polymorphisms (100%) was related to UBC-823, UBC-825, UBC-841, UBC-846, UBC-855, and UBC-873 primers, and the lowest (66.7%) was related to UBC-817 primer. The highest and lowest levels of the polymorphic content index were observed in UBC-825 (0.487) and UBC-856 (0.216) primers, respectively. The highest and lowest levels of marker index were 2.718 and 0.904 related to UBC-889 and UBC-817 primers, respectively. The highest and lowest values of the effective multiplex ratio index were 7 and 1.33 for UBC-841 and UBC-817 primers, respectively. The highest and lowest resolving power were 8.11 and 2 for UBC-877 and UBC-841 primers, respectively. The UBC-815 and UBC-834 primers had no clear and concise bands. Overall, 73 bands were obtained from the 13 primers of the ISSR DNA marker which 64 bands were polymorphic and the total polymorphism was 88.1%. The highest and lowest numbers of bands were eight and two bands for UBC-826 and UBC-817 primers, respectively. The cluster analysis was performed by the UPGMA method based on Jaccard's coefficient of similarity, which led to the classification of 72 grape varieties with a similarity value of 0.12 to 0.89 in seven different groups. In the present study, high diversity was observed among the studied grapevine cultivars. This indicates the different geographical origins of the cultivars and genotypes under study.