Economics of Crime in the Analysis of Pluralism of Punishment and its Individualization

The economics of crime is one of the interdisciplinary topics that entered economics after the 1970s with the efforts of Gray-Becker, and this science is trying to analyze the economic aspects of crime. The occurrence of crime as an undesirable social phenomenon has several economic and social causes, and due to the importance of the issue of crime, in different countries, in recent years, extensive studies have been conducted to identify and explain the causes of its occurrence. Identifying and explaining the causes of crime makes we reach the goal of prevention; because the costs of crime, especially the costs of punishment, including imprisonment, impose a heavy burden on the executive body. By identifying and preventing these factors, these costs can be reduced and spent on other priorities. In this article, the dimensions of the economy of crime in the analysis of the pluralism of punishment and its individualization have been investigated with a descriptive and analytical method.