Comparison of the performance of biological mechanical treatment facilities of urban waste in Iran and Europe

Biological mechanical treatment is a waste management method that has been developed in many countries of the world, which combines the separation of recyclable materials (metals, paper, plastic, glass), composting/digestion of green waste/food waste and in some cases production It is fuel. Different countries use different approaches to recover materials and energy from mixed municipal solid waste. These plants are different according to the composition of raw materials, operating conditions, investment cost, financial stability and environmental effects. Compost products of most facilities examined did not  with agricultural standards and therefore are not classified as compost - like output and are used as daily cover in landfills. The best method of composting is the use of waste separated in the source and organic materials (green space and other green waste) and the production of compost that can be sold and used. Biological mechanical treatment plants in which recovery of fuel materials is not performed, landfill diversion rate as well as capital and operation costs are lower. In this study, we came to the conclusion that a biological mechanical treatment plant must have a very efficient coating line for material separation and recovery. Also, in addition to recycled products, there should be a stream for recovering fuel materials to be sent to the power plant or cement factory, which will increase income and divert from burial and maximize greenhouse gas savings.