Effect of wind speed on the drag force and wall shear stress of domes in historical mosques of Iran: a case study

Climatic conditions have a great impact on the erosion of the coverage and the materials destruction of the dome gradually. Therefore, studying the shape and form of the dome in historic mosques can greatly assist to identify the affected points of the different types of the domes and provide solutions to prevent early destruction of the domes. In the present work, the turbulent flow of wind around the four samples of different domes is investigated, using ANSYS CFX software, to determine which parts of the dome geometry are most affected by wind and erosion. In the present work, for the first time, it will be tried to study different types of domes used in different climates and their geometric shapes, besides conducting research to prevent early erosion. The results demonstrated that a large vortex has shaped on the opposite side of the wind, which affects the area behind the dome and causes a negative pressure through velocity reduction. Also, the highest wind velocity is formed a little higher and hinder of the dome. The results of the shear stress on the crown of the dome for the four cases illustrated that for the dome type W4, the highest shear stress is about 15Pa on the face against the wind and it is about 12 Pa for that of W1 on the face opposite the wind. It should be noted that the position of the most stresses on the dome crown corresponding to the most damage to the building is estimated.