The relationship between the land surface temperature, changes in the vegetation cover and air pollutants using the Google Earth Engine

 The research was conducted to the relationship review of LST and NDVI of the Mashhad and Gorgan cities of Iran using the GEE system based on the Landsat 8 OLI and Sentinel 5P images from the period between 1/1/2021 and 1/1/2022. The purpose of this research was to compare the relationship between the temperature of the earth's surface and changes in the vegetation index and its possible relationship with air pollution.

  For this purpose, first, the date of certain images and then the desired bands for calculating three variables, earth surface temperature, vegetation index, and air pollution were introduced to it. In the end, a normalized vegetation difference index or NDVI was obtained to calculate surface emissivity and LST land surface temperature map, and an air pollutants map (SO2, NO2, HCHO, CO, Aerosol) was prepared and produced.

 The results showed that the highest average temperature for the cities of Mashhad and Gorgan is 42 and 35 degrees Celsius, and the lowest average temperature is 27 and 17 degrees Celsius, respectively. It can also be seen that the relationship between the temperature of the earth's surface and the amount of vegetation has an inverse relationship. Thus, the lowest temperature is related to the areas with the most vegetation and the highest temperature is related to the barren lands and built areas. By superimposing the surface temperature map and the air pollution map, it was found that high temperature brings more pollution.