The Semantic Network of Government and State-making in the Late Naꜥini’s View

Among the Muslim thinkers, Mirza Naʾini has a considerable role in explaining the Islamic government and state-making as well as the constitutionalist movement. The main question of this study is as follows: “How was the semantic network and Islamic state-making in the constitutional era?” To answer that question, we must say that Mirza Naʾini starts his discussion on the government from its necessity and maintains that people are the foundation of any government. He has attempted to use the foundations of the Shiite jurisprudence and explain the concepts such as politics, constitutional law, law, assembly, freedom and equality to prepare the ground for the public order in the constitutionalism era. Naʾini, like other Shiite thinkers, maintains that the desirable government is that of the impeccable Imams, but he believes in constitutional government and establishment of a state on its basis due to necessity in the Occultation Period. The semantic and conceptual network of Naʾini’s state is based on the Shiite thought, and wherever the society (constitutional revolution) departed from this network, leaning towards the semantic network outside its homeland (i.e. the western constitutionalism), the movement failed.