Competing Discourses in the Middle East: Comparison and Analysis (Islamic Revolution, Secular Brotherhood and Salafism)

This research aims to compare and analyze competing discourses in the Middle East region: Islamic Revolution, Secular Brotherhood and Salafis). Based on this study, the central signifier in the Islamic Revolution discourse is the Wilaya of faqih (Guardianship of a jurist) and includes several surrounding signifiers, especially government, independence and freedom, and the formation of a single global nation (ummah). In addition, the central signifier of the Secular Brotherhood discourse, on which the Islamic Justice and Development Party has been developed in Turkey, includes Islamic moderation, and its surrounding signifiers include the Turkish nationalist view, the nation-state, nationalism, secularism, and modernization, and especially legitimacy and acceptability which are articulated together as two surrounding signifiers. Finally, the central signifier of the Salafism discourse is the caliphate, and the surrounding signifiers are: returning to the foundations of religion, the spread of economic poverty and colonial rule, and the Saudi Wahhabi Islam.