Examining the Process of Abortion in Iranian Law and Imami Jurisprudence with Look at in International Law

Bearing in mind that from the medical and social point of view, pregnancy is considered a beautiful event in life, and on the contrary, abortion is considered as a social problem in all human societies and is an inevitable global phenomenon that plagues populous countries and threatens the health of the family and society. Abortion faces problems because of the integration of medical, psychological, sociological, moral-philosophical issues, it has gone beyond the mere legal and jurisprudential issue. Unfortunately, people resort to illegal abortion due to cultural and economic poverty, which can have dangerous consequences for the mother, and psychological disorders occur before and after the abortion. The crime of abortion is one of the crimes specific to women. and the reflection of this social problem has been effective on the views of criminologists and lawyers. From the point of view of jurisprudence, abortion before and after the dissolution of the soul is discussed and basically in human societies to preserve the life of the mother due to the role of taking care of other children and taking care of the husband and finally preserving the family members as (the least harm and the absolute preference and emergency) is justified. Today, among the countries of the world, only twenty-six countries, including Britain, Japan, China, France, Russia, and Germany (mostly from 1948 onwards by passing their own laws) consider abortion to be absolutely permissible and legal, and in Australia, abortion is illegal. It is a crime and punishable. Basically, through punishment, no effective action can be taken to prevent or reduce the crime, because this action is mostly done secretly with the consent of the legal parents of the fetus, through doctors or other people, and the crime rate is high.