Evaluating the Anticancer Effects of Polyvinyl Alcohol/Magnesium Oxide Bionanocomposite on Human Oral Cancer Cells

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) represents the most widespread type of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in the head and neck region, comprising 90% of all cases of oral cancer. Treatments based on immunological methods, cell therapy, gene therapy, and nanotechnology-based methods have been performed in addition to conventional treatment methods.

This study aimed to investigate the anticancer effects of polyvinyl alcohol/MgO nanocomposite on human oral cancer cells.

In this study, the structure and size of nanoparticles and nanocomposite were identified using scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis after synthesizing PVA/MgO nanocomposite. The anticancer activity of the synthesized nanocomposite was investigated against oral cancer cells of KB type.

SEM analysis confirmed the proper synthesis of PVA/MgO nanocomposite. MTT test showed that the nanocomposite synthesized in the concentration range of 25-200l has maximum anticancer properties against KB cancer cells. In addition, PVA/MgO nanocomposite influenced the apoptosis pathway of KB cancer cells by increasing ROS, decreasing mitochondrial membrane potential, and increasing the activities of caspases 3 and 7.

Based on the results, the PVA/MgO nanocomposite showed considerable potential as a viable contender for novel anticancer interventions.