A review of the characteristics and applications of pistachio fruit residue (Pistacia Vera) with the purpose of use in aquatics diet

Today, pistachio is a strategic product in the agricultural sector. Waste produced in the pistachio processing sector is considered as an important environmental problem. The presence of anti-nutritional compounds such as phenolic compounds and tannins has created difficult the use of this waste. Dietary supplements containing pistachio green shell extract reduced the stress of manipulating common carp. In general, it seems that by identifying and optimizing the appropriate methods of processing green pistachio shells such as enzymatic hydrolysis, fermentation and extraction, valuable compounds can be produced that can be used as a dietary supplement, growth stimulant and immunostimulant in aquafeeds.