Left Ventricular Noncompaction Cardiomyopathy in 2 Siblings With Underlying Tetralogy of Fallot: A Case Report

Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is one of the most common congenital heart diseases. Family recurrence provides strong evidence for the involvement of a genetic component in the susceptibility to TOF. The role of genetic factors is supported by the increased risk of first-degree relatives of patients with TOF. The clinical course of this disease is unclear and unpredictable. We herein describe 2 siblings suffering from TOF with left ventricular noncompaction cardiomyopathy (LVNC) and their clinical course and treatment. LVNC is a rare disease known by prominent trabeculation of the ventricles and reduced systolic function. LVNC can manifest itself in a wide spectrum of symptoms overlapping with other cardiac diagnoses. Familial patterns of disease development and coexistence of cardiac abnormalities are also reported. (Iranian Heart Journal 2024; 25(1): 98-105)