Review of New Adaptive Ecosystem Technologies in Smart Agriculture

In recent decades, the deployment of technologies such as robotics, unmanned aerial vehicles, and satellite operations has become increasingly evident in all farming activities. The revolution known as smart agriculture, employed to enhance the efficiency of agricultural products, allows farmers to achieve higher yields while minimizing the use of fertilizers and other chemicals, thereby contributing to a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions and mitigating climate change. This paper investigates and analyzes the challenges and constraints of eco-friendly innovative technologies in the field of smart agriculture globally and in Iran. It also proposes indigenous solutions for the localization of eco-friendly innovative technologies within the country. The localized management of nutrients in domestic farms, despite their small size, is expected to provide relatively positive outcomes. Agriculture presents an excellent opportunity for the introduction of various types of robots. Countries such as China, Japan, and Australia have made significant strides in the development of automated tractors capable of performing various tasks on the farm. The use of drones in domestic farms has demonstrated an increase of approximately 30% in pesticide consumption efficiency. A national type of drone developed within the country has significant advantages over its foreign counterparts in terms of electronic engines, operational types and services, cameras and sensors, flight types, and monitoring functions. It is anticipated that the mentioned technologies, as part of smart agriculture, will significantly reduce the human labor intensity in farms to a much lower level than before.