An Overview of the Kinetic Mechanism and the Effect of Environmental Parameters on Biohydrogen Production by Enterobacter and Clostridium

Biohydrogen production by microorganisms including Clostridium and Enterobacter are covered. Artificial microbial consortia have no complications as the pure culture. Further avails the effect of environments interaction on each other and yield of hydrogen production. The present review paper discloses the pathway of hydrogen production by Enterobacter and Clostridium, the rate of growth of the microorganism, The potential of carbohydrate substrate metabolism, pH and temperature influence, and the ratio of experimental to theoretical yield under anaerobic conditions. Enterobacter by Pyruvate formate-lyase (PFL) and Clostridium Pyruvate-ferredoxin oxidoreductase (PFOR) yield 2 mol / mol glucose and 4 mol / mol glucose. On the count of the present comparison 1.36 to 2.205 mol /mol glucose produced by Enterobacter and Clostridium, respectively, 38% discrepancy of practical yield is observed. For hydrogen production Clostridium needs strict anaerobic environments and L-cysteine are added, while Enterobacter in consortia uses oxygen and as a result the production cost is reduced. The consortia are potential to metabolize simple and complex carbon sources like glucose, starch wastewater and lignocellulose wastes. Moreover, reasonably high inoculate ratio of Enterobacter, pH, and, temperature ranges of 5-7 and 30-39°C are effective for biohydrogen production.
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