An overview of the second-generation biomass supply chain based on non-edible Jatropha and Paulownia plants and providing directions for future studies.

Environmental pollution, the depletion of fossil fuels, the swelling population, and the subsequent surge in energy consumption worldwide have prompted numerous industrialists, scientists, and researchers to embrace biomass products as an alternative to fossil fuels. Biomass-based products, such as biofuels, have emerged as viable sources of energy in light of economic and ecological considerations. Among the various generations of biomass, the second generation stands out for its particularly favorable attributes. In particular, Jatropha and Paulownia have garnered significant attention as extremely useful second-generation biomass plants, specifically for biofuel production. This study undertakes a comprehensive literature review and classification of the Jatropha and Paulownia supply chain network design, shedding light on their significance and potential. Furthermore, various scientific analyses are conducted to examine the works published in this field. These articles are classified based on the principles of sustainability, product type, biomass type, limitations, type of uncertainty, and solution approach, among others. Additionally, the studies in this field are reviewed, a number of research gaps are outlined, and areas are suggested for future research based on the findings of this study.