Effect of organic, biological, and chemical fertilizers on growth indicators and yield and nitrate accumulation in maize grain

These days, the application of organic and biological fertilizers to optimize the use of chemical fertilizers as well as improve crop quality and maintain soil fertility in sustainable agricultural systems, has gained special significance. A split-split-plot experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications and two consecutive years in 2018 and 2019, to investigate the effect of combined application of biological, organic, and chemical fertilizers on yield and quality of single-cross Simon corn grain. Nitrogen treatment was used in three levels of zero, 150 and 300 kg/ha or by using 46% urea fertilizer and vermicompost treatment was used in three levels of 0, 6 and 12 tons per hectare and mycorrhiza treatment was considered in two levels of application and non-application. Results showed that Muse V12ton/hecN150kg/hec it has been superior to other levels in terms of growth indicators. and the effect of mycorrhiza fertilizer on final yield and nitrate and Weight 100seeds was significant and The effect of application of vermicompost and  nitrogen fertilizer on all items was significant. Findings show that the highest amount of nitrate (142.77 mg/kg of grain) was obtained in non-application of mycorrhiza, vermicompost and 300 kg of pure nitrogen per hectare, and the highest yield of 16.96 tons per hectare was obtained in application of mycorrhiza, 12 tons of vermicompost, and 300 kg of pure nitrogen. Also, by consuming 6 tons of vermicompost per hectare with mycorrhiza and 50% nitrogen fertilizer, without significant reduction in yield (14.85 tons per hectare), the amount of nitrate accumulation in the grain is 44.65 mg/kg. It was shown that the application of organic and biological fertilizers along with chemical fertilizers also modulates the harmful effects of chemical fertilizers.