Stable isotopes of 2H, 18O, 34S and 13C analysis in water resources

Today, the importance of modern science and technology, especially the use of environmental isotopes in various studies, including hydrology and geohydrology, is obvious for anyone. Given the quantitative and qualitative crisis status of groundwater resources in Iran, having accurate isotopic data on the quantitative and qualitative status of water resources can lead to good planning and, consequently, proper management of water resources. Due to the lack of sufficient studies on the environmental isotopes in Iran, which, of course, is due to the lack of technologies, high costs of sample transfer to overseas and sanctions, while reviewing the sampling of Groundwater resources, sample preparation methods for stable isotopes of 2H, 18O, 34S and 13C, and the standards for each isotope; related devices such as Gasbench+ DeltaPlusXP, Elemental Analyzer-Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer (EA-IRMS), and Total Inorganic Carbon-Total Organic Carbon (TIC-TOC), as well as measurement methods are presented.