Historical Links between Shiism and Sufism: A Historical Analysis of the Relationship between Ghulat and their Relationship with Sufism and Shiism in Islam

Throughout the history of Islam, the accusation of Shiism against some Sufis and the accusation of Sufiism against some Shiites have caused the relationship between these two intellectual currents in the history of Islam to become the focus of researchers. The main issue discussed in this article is what kind of relationship exists between Shiism and Sufism and ğolov and what was the basis of the influence of each on the other? The primary hypothesis of the research is that: despite the differences that both Sufism and Shiism have in some epistemological foundations, the issue of Welayah (guardianship) has been the link between these two streams throughout the history of Islam. The emergence of the historical phenomenon of Ghulism parallel to Shiism in the history of Islam and the continuation of Ghulat life among some Shiite sects in the form of Sufism are important historical points. This article tries to investigate the historical links of Shiism and Sufism with a descriptive-analytical method and point out the role of Ghulat and their relationship with Sufism and Shiism so that it can bring a new field for further research in this field