Azoospermia: How rare is it among male partners of couples seeking infertility treatment? Experience from at a Ghanaian fertility center

Male factor infertility, often characterized by deficiencies in sperm count, motility, and morphology, is a significant concern in the context of infertility. Azoospermia, the absence of spermatozoa in the ejaculate, represents a particularly challenging condition. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of azoospermia among male partners of couples undergoing infertility treatment at a fertility center in Ghana.

A six-year retrospective descriptive investigation was conducted, focusing on male partners of couples seeking infertility treatment at the Emena Diagnostic and Fertility Centre. Semen analysis results indicative of azoospermia were systematically retrieved and analyzed. All samples were collected through masturbation and adhered to the stringent criteria outlined by the World Health Organization (WHO).

Among 1,224 semen analyses conducted between 2015 and 2020, 67 cases of azoospermia were identified, accounting for approximately 5.5% of the total cases. Participants' ages ranged from 28 to 69 years, with a mean age of 41.0 (SD = 9.2) years. The majority of azoospermic individuals belonged to the 30–39 age group (44.8%), followed closely by the 40–49 age group (31.3%). Notably, 90% of the cases fell within the age range of 30–59 years. Analysis of semen characteristics revealed variations in viscosity and volume, with hypospermia most prevalent in the 40–49 age group.

This study provides valuable insights into the prevalence and characteristics of azoospermia among male partners seeking infertility treatment in Ghana. These findings contribute to a better understanding of male infertility and can inform strategies for its management and treatment in clinical settings.