The Effect of Applying R410a Refrigerant as a Cooling Fluid on Dimensional Deviation and Surface Roughness in Turning 1045 Steel Compared to Soap-Water Fluid

In this research, the life of the tool and the wear rate of the cutting edge of the tool were investigated using R410a coolant in cooling the cutting edge of the tool and comparing it with the traditional fluid of soapy water. In addition, dimensional deviation and surface roughness of steel (ck45) 1045 in chipping with a high-speed steel (HSS) tool at cutting speeds of 15, 25, 40, and 55 meters per minute cutting depths of 0.5, 1, and 1.5 mm and feed rate of 0.05, 0.12, and 0.2 mm /rev were investigated in two modes of liquid cooling, soapy water and R410a coolant. The obtained results showed that cooling with R410a refrigerant, due to its high cooling power and better control of the temperature of the cutting area compared to the soapy water fluid in the machining process, reduced the amount of tool wear and can be used as one of the suitable cooling fluids. Based on the minimum values of dimensional deviation and surface roughness under different conditions, by using R410a refrigerant, the cutting speed can be increased by 60% from 25 m/min to 40 m/min. Furthermore, in the most optimal mode, at a cutting speed of 40/min, the chipping depth is 1 mm and the advance values are 0.05 mm per round, the dimensional deviation and surface roughness are improved by up to 6 and 10 times. In the optimal state, the dimensional deviation based on the diameter difference in 300 mm length is 14 microns and the surface roughness will decrease to 3.1 micrometers after 60 minutes of chipping time.