Extraction and Study of the Use of Oleaster Fruit Waste as Natural Mordant in Dyeing of Wool Yarns

Introducing new uses for agricultural waste is important to prevent environmental pollution and reduce waste disposal costs. The oleaster, often called the Russian olive, has culinary and medicinal applications, but its byproducts (seeds and peel) are frequently thrown away. Oleaster and its components are tannin-rich and can be used as mordants in dyeing. The extraction process was carried out in the presence of ethanol and was evaluated by analytical methods (FTIR and DSC). The percentage of phenolic compounds in peel and seed of oleaster fruit was obtained by the TPC method at 81.2 and 45.5 mg/ml, respectively, which indicates the possibility of using these extracts as mordants. Dyeing was done using Reseda extract on wool yarns. Alum was utilized as a low-risk mineral mordant with a concentration of 5% to evaluate natural mordants' effectiveness. The dyeing method with a 40% concentration of Oleaster peel and reseda extract yields the greatest K/S (19.47). Finally, the dyed samples were evaluated regarding color and fastness properties.