Establishing a Human Rights System in Islam (Discussing Possibility and Descriptions)

In the modern world, people have distanced from ‘obligation’ by stressing on ‘right’ and it is a common belief that one of the most important manifestations of new times is right awareness as opposed to obligation awareness of past times.The question is whether an issue like right can be realized within frame of religion, which as put by intellectuals belongs to past times? Has such a measure been practically taken or not? Also, can we achieve the targeted goal, which is nothing but prosperity, freedom and all-out progress of human society and development of its various pillars by simply relying on ‘right’ and foregoing ‘obligation’? Has the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, which is the practical outcome of emphasis on rights, been really capable of materializing the goal it has been created for? If not, is it due to incomplete implementation of the Declaration or because of the outcomes and untoward effects of its implementation?Therefore, scrutinizing various aspects of this issue, especially proving inefficiency of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights paves the way for and justifies discussing an ‘alternative paradigm’. For this reason, we need to talk about features and characteristics of that paradigm which will take us to the basic question that is it possible to establish a system for human rights within frame of Islam as a possible substitute for Declaration and if this is possible, how we can do that?This paper studies historical course of human rights while referring to insufficiencies of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and available critics of the Declaration, especially that of Islamists. Apart from that, it focuses on analysis of the viewpoints of Islamists by other intellectuals and then discusses possibility of establishing a legal system of human rights in Islam. Further on, the paper reviews preliminaries and necessities of this new system.