An Investigation on Kinds and Causes of Violence against Women among Turkmen Tribes of Golestan Province, Iran.

Human being during Centuries has been humiliated and sustains a loss from Violence. Hidden and open violence against women and Cultural, social, economical and political forms of this Violence has partly roots in Cultural and tradition and other part of it is results of continuation of discrimination against women in legal, economical and political structure of society. Opinion is that maybe continuation of violence in uncultured structures too itself is resultant from cultural structure which in spite of disturbing and making people and society angry it persuade to accept this kind of violence. Not only in Iran but also in developed countries of the world women and children suffer from consequence of violence, especially in family life. Its physical, sexual and psychological harm not only endangers their health and mental and affective equilibrium, but it also puts countries in different economical, cultural and civil service difficulties. There fore present study under taken with following - To find out the causes responsible for violence against women. -To compare the effects of violence among women with different age, area, level of literacy, occupation, No.of children and years of married life. Descriptive survey method of research was employed to determine the causes responsible for the violence against women. The sample of the study consisted of married Turkmen women who were selected by clustered and random sampling from cities and villages of Turkmen living areas. In the present study a questionnaire was employed to collect the relevant data. Before applying questionnaire its validity and reliability was worked out through content validity and split-half method of reliability.To analyze the collected data inferential statistic method if chi-square was employed. The results revealed that the 7 basic causes namely cultural / religious, personality, lack of social and legal support, mental, upbringing children, house affairs and financial causes assumed hypothetically were found responsible in violence against women. The result also revealed that effects of violence varies among women with different level of literacy, age, No. of children and their occupation.