Ethnic Diversity, Multicultural Politics and Citizenship: the Case of Contemporary Iran

In the last century, modern nation – building caused two main cultural challenges in the third words and developing countries: religiousness v. secularism and cultural and ethnic identification v. cultural and linguistic assimilation. Like the other non – western countries were experienced exotic modernization follow from the westernization and agency modernization based on state – oriented, Iranian society was faced with two problems mentioned above. So it is necessary to new policy for them and strategic managing this ethnic and cultural diversity so that in this policy would be appearing national solidarity and integration stimuli, structurally and durably. In this respect, it would be pay attention on replacing citizenship right and definition of national identity based upon unitary exactly plurality with denying the cultural and ethnic diversity.