Reliability, Validity and Factorial Analysis of the Hardiness Scale

To examine the psychometric properties of Farsi version of the Hardiness Scale including reliability, validity, and exploratory factor analysis, 283 students from University of Tehran in two sample groups of 124 athletes and 150 nonathletes were included in this study. All participants were asked to complete the Hardiness Scale (HS), the Mental Health Inventory (MHI), and the Farsi version of the Positive and Negative Perfectionism Scale (FPANPS). Test-retest reliability and internal consistency of the HS were examined at satisfactory levels. The results of exploratory factor analysis supported three factors for the HS as well as a single general factor of hardiness. Concurrent validity of the HS was calculated according to correlation coefficients between the scores of the HS and those of the MHI and FPANPS. Most correlations were statistically significant.