A Comparison of Emotional Intelligence Among the Three Middle Levels of Management

The literature suggests that managerial skills in general, and emotional intelligence in particular, play a significant role in the success of managers in the workplace. This study attempts to compare emotional intelligence at managerial levels. Emotional intelligence was measured on the basis of five competencies in the model of Golman (1995). The results indicate that emotional intelligence is different among managers in the organizational levels. This difference is significant in terms of self-awareness, self-regulation, and self-motivation, but not in the dimensions of social skills and empathy. Also, this article indicates that the level of emotional intelligence increases in the organizational ladder.